Bhagavad
Gita, Chapter 1. The Yoga of Arjuna's Sorrow
Summary: This opening chapter of the Bhagavad
Gita sets the stage for the entire discourse. As Arjuna steps onto the
battlefield and sees his kinsmen arrayed for war, he is overcome with deep
sorrow and confusion. He contemplates the devastating consequences of the
conflict and the lasting repercussions it will have on everyone involved.
Verses 1-11:
Duryodhana's Perspective
1.1. Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya
what happened on the Kurukshetra battlefield.
1.2. Sanjaya describes Duryodhana
approaching Drona after seeing the Pandava army arrayed.
1.3. Duryodhana points out the
formations arranged by Drupada’s son.
1.4. He named heroic warriors equal to
Arjuna and Bhima.
1.5. Duryodhana lists other outstanding
Pandava warriors.
1.6. He continues to identify powerful
chariot warriors.
1.7. Duryodhana recognizes and boasts of
his army’s strength
1.8. He named key fighters for his side.
1.9 Many other soldiers are willing to
sacrifice their lives for him.
1.10. He claims his army is unlimited,
while the Pandava army is limited.
1.11. He orders his forces to guard
Bhishma well.
Verses 12-19: The
sound of battle
1.12. Bhishma roars and blows his conch
to encourage the Kauravas.
1.13. The sound of conches, drums, and
horns thundered together, creating a tumultuous clamor.
1.14 Krishna and Arjuna blew their
conchs from their four white horse-drawn chariots.
1.15. Krishna blew
the Panchajanya, Arjuna the Devadatta, and Bhima the Paundram..
1.16 Yudhishthira, Bhima, Nakula,
Sahadeva, and others blow their conches.
1.7 The kings
of Kasi, Shikhandi, Dhrishtadyumna, Virata, and Satyaki blew theirs.
1.18. Drupada (Drupadi's son) and
Abhimanyu blow
their conches.
1.19 The combined sounds shook the sky
and earth, breaking the Kauravas' hearts
Verses 20-27:
Arjuna's Hesitation
1.20. When he saw the sons of
Dhritarashtra, Arjuna, who carried Hanuman's emblem on his chariot's flag,
picked up his bow and arrow.
1.21. He asks Krishna to place the
chariot between the armies.
1.22. He wants to see who has gathered
to fight the Kauravas.
1.23. He wishes to see those eager to
please Duryodhana in battle.
1.24. Sanjaya said, "Krishna
has stationed the chariot between the two armies."
1.25. Arjuna sees his relatives,
teachers, and friends on both sides.
1.26. He sees fathers, grandfathers,
sons, grandsons, brothers, and well-wishers.
1.27. He saw in both camps in-laws and
well-wishers alike.
Verse 28-47: Arjuna's
Grief and Despair
1.28. He tells Krishna that his limbs
are failing and his mouth is drying.
1.29. His body trembles, his hair stands
at the end, and his bow slips.
1.30 His bow slipped from his hand; his
skin burned, and he could barely stand.
1.31 He sees no point in killing family
members.
1.32. He declares he has no ambition for
glory, kingdom, or pleasure.
1.33. For those he desires, they are
assembled here to fight.
1.34. He lists relatives, teachers,
fathers, sons, grandfathers, and brothers-in-law.
1.35. He declares that he does not want
to kill them, not even for the sake of the three worlds.
1.36. Killing Dhritarashtra’s sons will
bring no joy,
only sinful consequences..
1.37. Killing our kinsmen is wrong; we
will find no happiness.
1.38 Blinded by greed, the Kauravas do
not see the evil of family destruction.
1.39. Since we know this is a sin, why
commit it?
1.40. Family destruction destroys
eternal traditions and religions.
1.41. With Adarma's rise, women’s purity
declines, causing caste mixing.
1.42 This intermixture sends families
and ancestors to hell.
1.43. "The misdeeds of those who
destroy family forever ruin community and dharma."
1.44. Those who ruin a family's dharma
will spend eternity in hell.
1.45. How strange that greed for royal
pleasures leads to killing kin!
1.46. Arjuna said he would rather be
killed unarmed than fight.
1.47. Sanjaya said, Arjuna sat
distressed, dropping his bow and arrows, overwhelmed by grief
The first chapter, the Yoga of
Arjuna's Sorrow in the Upanishad of the divine Bhagavad Gita, concludes with a
discussion of the Absolute, the yogic scripture, and the dispute between Arjuna
and Shree Krishna.
Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 2. The Yoga of Knowledge
Summary: This second chapter, an overview of the entire Scripture,
focuses on understanding your eternal, indestructible self. It stresses steadiness in this knowledge, detachment from outcomes, selfless action, and mastery over personal desires.
Verse 1-10: Arjuna's
Despair and Krishna's Encouragement
2.1. Sanjaya tells Dhritarashtra that
Krishna, seeing Arjuna overcome with pity, speaks to him.
2.2. Krishna questions Arjuna’s weakness
in such a critical moment.
2.3. He urges Arjuna to abandon cowardice
and rise to the occasion.
2.4. Arjuna wonders how he can fight
revered elders like Bhishma and Drona.
2.5. He said
it was
better to live by begging than
to kill noble teachers.
2.6. Arjuna is confused about duty,
unsure whether victory or death is better.
2.7. He surrenders to Krishna, seeking
guidance as his disciple.
2.8. Arjuna declares that nothing can
remove his sorrow, even with unmatched prosperity.
2.9. Sanjaya narrates that Arjuna,
refusing to fight, falls silent.
2.10. Seeing
Arjuna's displeasure, Krishna smiles and starts instructing him.
Verses 11-30: The Eternal Nature of the Soul
2.11. He says the wise do not grieve for the living or
the dead.
2.12. Krishna tells Arjuna that you, I,
and all the kings have always existed and will forever exist.
2.13. Just as the soul moves through childhood, youth, and old age, it transitions into another.
2.14. Sensory experiences bring pain and pleasure; be borne with patience.
2.15. One who remains steadfast in both
suffering and pleasure becomes eligible for immortality.
2.16. The unreal has no existence; the
real never ceases to exist.
2.17. The indestructible reality
pervades all; none can destroy it.
2.18. The perishable body houses the
imperishable, eternal soul.
2.19. He who thinks the soul kills or is
killed misunderstands its nature.
2.20. The soul is unborn, eternal,
unchanging, and indestructible.
2.21. Knowing the soul as
indestructible, one should not grieve for any being.
2.22. As one changes worn-out clothes,
the soul changes bodies.
2.23. Weapons
like fire, water, and wind cannot harm the soul.
2.24. The soul is unbreakable,
incombustible, insoluble, and everlasting.
2.25. The soul is invisible,
inconceivable, and unchangeable.
2.26. Even if the soul is
born and dies,
there is no cause for grief.
2.27. Death is certain for the born, and
rebirth for the dead.
2.28. Beings are unmanifest at
the beginning and end, manifest in the middle.
2.29. Some see the soul as wondrous;
others hear of it, but few truly know it.
2.30. The soul is eternal in all bodies;
do not grieve for any creature.
Verses 31-38: The Kshatriya's Duty
2.31. As a warrior, Arjuna must fight
virtuous conflicts.
2.32. Such battles open the doors to
heaven for
the Kshatriyas.
2.33. Neglecting this duty will lead to disgrace and sin.
2.34 People will talk about his shame
forever, which is harsher than death.
2.35. Brave warriors will think he fled
the battle out of fear.
2.36. His enemies will mock him, deeply
wounding his honor.
2.37. If he dies, he gains heaven; if he
wins, he enjoys earth.
2.38. Be equal in pleasure, pain, gain,
loss, victory, and defeat, and act
accordingly.
Verses 39-53: Introduction to Karma Yoga (Detached
Action)
2.39. Krishna begins teaching
us Sankhya Yoga, the wisdom to free
us from bonds.
2.40. On
this path, no effort is wasted, and no harm comes.
2.41. The resolute mind is focused; the
indecisive mind is scattered.
2.42. The unwise delight in flowery
Vedic rituals for material gains.
2.43. They seek heavenly pleasures
leading to rebirth, not liberation.
2.44. Attachment to pleasure clouds
with resolute understanding.
2.45. Transcend
by the three gunas and remain steadfast in the Self.
2.46. For the wise, all Vedic purposes
are fulfilled as a small pond in a flood.
2.47. You have the right to act, but not
to claim the consequences.
2.48. Perform duty with equanimity,
abandoning attachment to success or failure.
2.49. Action motivated by selfishness is inferior to wisdom-based yoga.
2.50. Yoga improves action skills and
liberates individuals from
positive and negative outcomes.
2.51. The wise abandon
the fruit of work and attain liberation.
2.52. When your mind is free of
deception, Vedic promises will no longer be relevant.
2.53. When your mind is unmoved in
meditation, you attain yoga.
Verses 54-72: The Characteristics of a Self-Realized
Person (Stitha-Pragya)
2.54. Arjuna inquires about the
traits of a person with steady wisdom.
2.55. Krishna said
such a person is free from desires and content with
the Self.
2.56. He is unmoved by sorrow, desire,
or anger.
2.57. He has no regard for the outcome,
favorable or unfavorable.
2.58. Like a tortoise withdraws
its limbs, he withdraws
his senses from objects.
2.59. Objects leave the abstinent, but
desire remains until
the realization of the Supreme.
2.60. Even the most intelligent individuals
may be overwhelmed by their restless senses.
2.61. Control the senses with devotion to the Supreme, and wisdom will remain steadfast.
2.62. Focusing on sense objects breeds
attachment, which leads to desire and anger.
2.63. It
is anger that leads to delusion, memory loss, and wisdom destruction.
2.64. Self-disciplined beings, free from
attachment and aversion, find peace.
2.65. In peace, all sorrows end, and
the intellect becomes steady.
2.66. Without yoga, there is no wisdom
or peace, and no happiness.
2.67. The mind that follows the senses kills wisdom, much like the wind pushing a boat.
2.68. Control
the senses and keep the mind fixed on the Supreme.
2.69. What is night to others is
wakefulness to the wise, and vice versa.
2.70. The Sage
remains undisturbed, like the ocean unmoved by rivers flowing into it.
2.71. Peace
is achieved when one abandons desires and ego.
2.72. This is the state of Brahman;
attaining it, one is free from delusion and reaches liberation.
Thus
ends the second chapter,
the Yoga of Knowledge, in the Upanishad of the divine Bhagavad
Gita, which
encompasses the knowledge of the Absolute, the yogic scripture, and
the debate between Arjuna and Shree Krishna.
Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 3. The yoga of action
Summary: This chapter is about Karma Yoga. It
explains how desire-driven actions lead to karma and rebirth, the role of the
gunas and the senses, and the importance of performing selfless actions and
obligatory duties without desire for the fruit of their actions to achieve
liberation.
Verses 1-5: The confusion of Arjuna
3.1. Arjuna questions Krishna, asking why he
should fight if knowledge is superior to action
3.2. Arjuna,
confused, asks Krishna to clarify the path to liberation..
3.3. Krishna
explains that there are two paths: the path of knowledge (Sankhya) and the path
of action (Yoga).
3.4. The goal of
liberation cannot be achieved by avoiding action or giving up work.
3.5. He explains that
no one can remain inactive for a moment, as nature forces action.
Verses 6-16: The Importance of Right Action
3.6 The act of
pretending renunciation while thinking about sensual goods is hypocritical..
3.7. Selfless action
and controlling the senses are true signs of renunciation.
3.8. Perform your
duty. For action is better than inaction.
3.9. Actions done as
a sacrifice to the divine free one from bondage.
3.10. At creation,
the Creator ordained sacrifice for mutual prosperity.
3.11. Nourish the
gods through sacrifice, and they will bless you in return.
3.12. The devas,
pleased by sacrifices, provide all the necessities, but one who enjoys these
gifts without offering them in return is a thief.
3.13. The righteous
eat the remnants of the sacrifice and are freed from sin.
3.14. Food comes
from rain, rain from sacrifice, and sacrifice from action.
3.15. The
imperishable truth is reflected in the Vedas, which are the source of action.
3.16. One who
ignores this cosmic cycle lives in vain.
Verse 17-29: The deeds of the enlightened
3.17. An enlightened
person finds satisfaction within themselves and has no reason not to perform
their duties.
3.18. Such a person
has no dependence on others or duties.
3.19. Yet even the
wise should act, setting an example for others.
3.20. Only through selfless
action were kings like Janaka able to achieve perfection.
3.21. Great leaders
set a good example for others to follow.
3.22. Krishna also
acts constantly, despite having nothing to gain.
3.23. If he does not
execute his actions with care, people will follow him in all respects, and they
will not work.
3.24. If Krishna
were not to perform His duties, all the world would fall into ruin, and He
would be the cause of it.
3.25. A wise person
acts without attachment, just as the ignorant acts with it, for the welfare of
the world.
3.26. The wise
should not disturb the ignorant, but inspire them.
3.27. All activities
are motivated by natural characteristics, yet by the deceiving belief, "I
am the doer."
3.28. The wise see
nature’s forces acting and remain unattached.
3.29. The ignorant
act attaches to nature’s qualities; the wise should not disturb them.
Verse 30-35: Krishna's instructions and self-control
3.30. Surrender all
actions to the Divine, free from desire and ego.
3.31. A person who
faithfully follows Krishna's teachings is free from bondage.
3.32. Those who
scorn them are deluded and lost.
3.33. All beings act
according to their nature; even the wise cannot resist it.
3.34. Attraction and
aversion toward sense objects are natural but should be controlled.
3.35. Better is one's
duty, though devoid of quality, than another's duty
Verse
36-43: The Causes of Sin and the Need for Self-Control
3.36. Arjuna asked
what force compels a person to sin.
3.37. Krishna said
that desire and anger were born out of passion.
3.38. Desire covers
wisdom as smoke veils fire or dust dims a mirror.
3.39. Desire is an
insatiable enemy that hides knowledge.
3.40. Desire resides
in the senses, mind, and intellect, deluding the soul.
3.41. To combat
desire and its influences, control the senses.
3.42. The senses are
lower than the mind, the mind is lower than the intellect, and the Self is
higher.
3.43. Knowing this,
one should control the mind and destroy desire through self-realization.
Thus ends the
third chapter, known as the Yoga of Action, in the Upanishad of the divine
Bhagavad Gita, the scripture of yogic knowledge, and the debate between Arjuna
and Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 4. Jnana Karma Sanyasa Yoga
Summary: This chapter explores knowledge, Karma,
and renunciation. Knowledge is gained by serving enlightened ones. The
information a person receives should not determine their actions. The
upholder of Dharma is God. From time to time, He manifests Himself on earth to
protect and restore Dharma.
Verses 1-10: The Divine
Lineage of Knowledge
4.1. Krishna says
that He taught this eternal yoga to Vivasvan, who passed it on to Manu, then to
the kings.
4.2. This
knowledge was passed down but lost over time.
4.3. Krishna now
teaches Arjuna because he is his devotee and friend.
4.4. Arjuna
wonders how Krishna could have taught him in ancient times.
4.5. Krishna says
that both He and Arjuna have taken many births, but Krishna remembers them all.
4.6. Krishna has
the divine power to appear even though He is unborn and imperishable.
4.7 Whenever
righteousness declines and unrighteousness rises, Krishna manifests Himself.
4.8. He comes to
protect the good, destroy the wicked, and re-establish dharma.
4.9. One who knows
Krishna’s divine birth and actions is not reborn after death.
4.10. Freed from
attachment, fear, and anger, many have attained Him.
Verse 11-15: The Path to
Liberation and the Nature of Action
4.11. People
approach Krishna in many ways, and He rewards them accordingly.
4.12. Those who
desire worldly success worship gods and gain quick success.
4.13. Based on
qualities and work, Krishna created four divisions of society.
4.14 The creator
of action, Krishna, remains unattached to its results.
4.15. Knowing
this, the ancient seekers acted and attained liberation.
Verse 16-23: The Wisdom
of Right Action vs. Inaction
4.16. Arjuna will
learn about the depth of action from Krishna.
4.17. One must
understand right action, wrong action, and inaction.
4.18. The wise see
inaction in action and action in inaction.
4.19. Those whose
actions are free from desire are truly wise.
4.20. Abandoning
attachments to results. They remain contented and unaffected.
4.21. Acting
without ownership or desire, such people remain free from sin.
4.22. Content with
whatever comes, they are beyond dualities and envy.
4.23. A mind
focused on knowledge burns actions done without desire.
Verse 24-33 - Sacrifice
and its forms.
4.24. Yoga views
the act of offering, the offering itself, and the recipient as divine.
4.25. Sacrifices
are offered to gods by some, and knowledge is sacrificed by others.
4.26. Some offer
their sense of self-control as a sacrifice.
4.27. In some
cases, the fire of self-discipline consumes all sense activities.
4.28. Some
sacrifice wealth, austerity, or studying, all aimed at self-purification.
4.29. Others
control their breath through regulation and restraint as a sacrifice.
4.30. All of these
sacrifices are performed with knowledge and discipline.
4.31. A person who
eats the nectar of sacrifice attains eternal Brahman.
4.32. Many types
of sacrifice are mentioned in the Vedas; all are rooted in action.
4.33. Knowledge
sacrifice is superior to material sacrifice.
Verses 34-42: The
Supreme Power of Knowledge
4.34. Approach a
real teacher with humility, questions, and a desire to serve, to gain wisdom.
4.35. You will
never be deluded again with such knowledge.
4.36. Even the
most sinful can cross the ocean of sin with knowledge.
4.37. As fire
burns wood to ashes, knowledge burns all karma.
4.38. Nothing is
more purifying than knowledge; it matures over time and in self-control.
4.39. The
faithful, devoted, and self-controlled attain knowledge and peace.
4.40. The
ignorant, faithless, and doubtful perish; they find neither happiness nor
liberation.
4.41. Those who
are self-controlled, detached, and wise are free from bonding.
4.42. With the
sword of knowledge, Krishna advises Arjuna to cut away the doubts in his heart,
rise, and fight!
The fourth chapter
of the celestial Bhagavad Gita's Upanishad, "The Yoga of Renunciation of Action with Right Knowledge," closes with the knowledge of the Absolute, the yogic scripture, and Arjuna's dispute with Bhagavan Krishna.
Bhagavad
Gita, Chapter 5: Karma Sanyasa Yoga
Summary: This chapter of the Bhagavad Gita addresses Arjuna’s
confusion about which path is superior:
renunciation of actions
(Sannyasa) or performance of actions
(Karma Yoga). One should not
renounce actions
but
their fruits. True renunciation is
the renunciation of
all desires and devotion.
In
yoga, Brahman is regarded as the ultimate happiness.
Verses 1-6: Renunciation and Action
5.1: Arjuna asks Krishna to
clarify whether renunciation of action or selfless action is superior.
5.2: Krishna says
both lead to liberation, but selfless action is better than mere renunciation.
5.3: One who is free from likes and
dislikes is truly a renunciator.
5.4: The wise see renunciation and
selfless action as the same when both are understood.
5.5: What is attained by renunciation
is equally attained by selfless action.
5.6: Mere renunciation without
discipline is difficult; selfless action purifies quickly.
Verses 7-12: The
Self-Realized State
5.7: A self-controlled person engaged
in selfless action is pure and sees all beings equally.
5.8: The wise see themselves as
non-doers in all activities.
5.9: They think, “I do nothing,” even
while acting through their
senses.
5.10: Offering all actions to God,
they remain untouched by sin, like a lotus leaf
washed by water.
5.11: Yogis act with
their body, mind, intellect, and senses for self-purification.
5.12: The selfless worker attains
peace; the selfish worker is bound by desire.
Verses 13-18: The True Nature of
Self
5.13: After
mentally repenting of his actions, the self-realized lives contentedly in the
city of nine gates.
5.14; The natural
world operates independently because God does not create deeds or doers, or is
the result of action.
5.15 God is impartial;
ignorance covers knowledge and deludes
all beings.
5.16: When ignorance is destroyed,
wisdom reveals the Supreme, like the sun illuminates
all.
5.17: With
their intellect fixed on God, their sins are destroyed, and they
reach freedom.
5.18: The wise
will see a learned Brahmin, a cow, an elephant, a dog, and
an outcast.
Verses 19-23: The Path to Divine Consciousness
5.19 Those
with equal vision will overcome the dualities of this world in this life.
5.20: They are not
elated by gain nor depressed by loss, dwelling on
the Self.
5.21 There is no attachment to
external pleasures for them, as they find
the happiness within themselves.
5.22 Worldly pleasures are temporary
and cause sorrow; the wise avoid them.
5.23 Those who control their desire
and anger before death are yogis.
Verses 24-29;
the Yogi's Eternal Peace.
5.24: Joy is within,
the light is within;
such a yogi attains liberation.
5.25: Sages free from desire and
anger, with
their minds under control, find liberation.
5.26: A self-controlled sage, free
from desire, attained Brahman's bliss.
5.27: Focusing inwardly,
they close external
contacts.
5.28: By
regulating his breath and senses, the Sage
is free from desire, fear, and anger.
5.29: Knowing Me
(Krishna) as the enjoyer, Lord, and friend of all beings, they
shall attain peace.
Thus ends the fifth chapter, named Karma Sanyasa Yoga or
the Yoga of Renunciation of Action in the Upanishad of the divine Bhagavad Gita,
the knowledge of the Absolute, the yogic scripture, and the debate between
Arjuna and Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad
Gita, Chapter 6. The Yoga of Self-Control
Summary: The purpose of this chapter is to
explore the practice of self-restraint and control over one's desires, which
eventually leads to even-mindedness in one's actions. Behaviour:
A yogi who practices self-control conquers himself and attains oneness with
Brahman. Through contemplative practice, he attains supreme peace and oneness.
Verse 1-4: The Path
to Meditation and Self-Discipline
6.1. True
renunciation is doing one’s duty without attachment to its results.
6.2. When free of
desire, a yogi is both a renouncer and an action-taker.
6.3. For the
beginner, work is the path; for the adept, stillness is the path.
6.4. One who is
unattached to possessions and actions is truly a yogi.
Verse
5-9: Raising the Self by the Self
6.5. Don't
degrade yourself, take care of your mind; it is either your friend or foe.
6.6. The mind is a
friend when mastered
and an enemy when uncontrolled.
6.7. The
self-realized yogi sees success and failure equally.
6.8. A yogi
established in knowledge sees cloud, stone, and gold as equals.
6.9. A
yogi of such a nature treats everyone equally, whether they are friends,
enemies, neutrals, or strangers.
Verses 10-19:
Meditation
6.10. A yogi should
live in solitude,
be self-controlled, and
be without attachments.
6.11. Select a clean, solid seat for meditation. Not excessively high or low.
6.12. Sit steadily,
focusing the mind on the Self, with the senses subdued.
6.13. Keep your body,
head, and neck straight and still during meditation.
6.14. With a serene
mind and a fearless heart, fix your thoughts on Me with devotion.
6.15. Constantly
absorbed in meditation, the yogi attains supreme peace.
6.16. Moderation in
eating, sleeping, and activity is essential for yoga.
6.17. Balanced
habits: Make yoga a destroyer of suffering.
6.18. When the mind
is steady in the Self, detached from desires, one is a yogi.
6.19. A yogi’s mind
is like a steady flame sheltering
against
the wind.
Verses 20-27: The
Transcendental State
6.20. In deep
meditation, the yogi rejoices in the Self alone.
6.21. There
is an inner joy that is beyond the senses, and that can never be lost.
6.22. Once attained,
no gain surpasses it, and sorrow is dispelled.
6.23. It is known as yoga,
freedom from union with sorrow.
6.24. Give up all
desires born of will and control the senses.
6.25. Withdraw the
mind gradually into the Self with
a firm resolve.
6.26. Whenever
the mind wanders, bring it back under control.
6.27. The peaceful
yogi attains boundless happiness by being free from sin.
Verse
28-32: The Vision of an
Enlightened Yogi
6.28. Through
constant meditation, the yogi experiences infinite bliss.
6.29. Seeing all beings in the Self and the Self in all, the yogi sees
everything equally
6.30. One who sees Me
everywhere and everything
is in Me never loses Me.
6.31. The yogi who is
devoted to Me and sees Me in all abides in Me.
6.32. The highest
yogi treats others’ joys and sorrows as his own.
Verses 33-36:
Arjuna's Doubt and Krishna's Response
6.33. In
Arjuna's mind, such steady yoga does not seem practical.
6.34. In
his letter, he admits that his mind is restless, turbulent, and prone to
erratic behavior.
6.35. Krishna agrees
but says it can be controlled through practice and detachment.
6.36. Without
self-control, yoga is impossible; with effort, it is attainable.
Verse
37-45: The Fate of the Unsuccessful Yogi
6.37. Arjuna
asks what happened to the yoga student who failed midway.
6.38. Having
neither worldly nor spiritual success, he fears, a person will perish.
6.39. Arjuna
asked if anyone was truly lost in such a case.
6.40. In
yoga, Krishna assures us that no effort is wasted.
6.41. The
unsuccessful yogi is reborn into a pure or prosperous family.
6.42. Or he was born
into a family of wise yogis, which is rare.
6.43. A
new sense of perfection emerges in him as he regains his former knowledge.
6.44. Past discipline
drove
him toward the goal, even unconsciously.
6.45. Through sustained
effort across lifetimes, he has
attained perfection.
Verse 46-47: Yoga
supremacy
6.46. Yogis are
superior to asceticism, scholars, and ritualists.
6.47. A
yogi who has faith in Me is the highest among yogis.
The sixth chapter of the celestial Bhagavad-Gita's
Upanishad, Yoga of Self Control, concerns knowledge of the Absolute, yogic
scriptures, and Arjuna and Krishna's disagreement
Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 7. The Yoga of Knowledge and Wisdom
Summary: This chapter
explores the significance of knowledge and wisdom. Only after innumerable
births does a person attain the true understanding of self and the wisdom to
worship God with true devotion. Deluded people remain bound to the cycle of
births and deaths with their ignorant ways, while the wise ones worship God
through determination and attain liberation.
Verses
1-7: The Two Natures of the Supreme Lord
7.1.
Krishna invites Arjuna to hear how knowing Him completely will remove doubt.
7.2.
He promises to reveal both knowledge and wisdom, leaving nothing unknown.
7.3.
Among the thousands, few strive for perfection; among the perfected, few truly
know Him.
7.4.
His material nature consists of eight elements: earth, water, fire, air, ether,
mind, intellect, and ego.
7.5.
Beyond this is His higher nature, conscious living beings.
7.6.
All beings arise from these two natures; He is the origin and dissolution of
all.
7.7.7.
Nothing is higher than Him; all rest on Him like gems on a thread.
Verses
8-12: Krishna's Divine Manifestations
7.8.
He is the taste in water, light in the sun and moon, sacred syllable Om, sound
in space, and manhood in man.
7.9.
He is the fragrance in earth, the heat in fire, the life in all beings, and
penance in ascetics.
7.10.
He is the eternal seed of all beings, the intelligence of the intelligent, and
the prowess of the strong.
7.11.
He is strong, free from desire and passion, and his desires are in line with Dharma.
7.12.
All states of being — goodness, passion, and ignorance — arise from Him, though
He is beyond them.
Verses
13-19: Overcoming Delusion and the Four Kinds of Devotees
7.13.
The world, deluded by these three modes, fails to recognize Him.
7.14.
Those who surrender to Him can overcome His divine energy.
7.15.
Devils, fools, and those of a demonic nature will not surrender to Him.
7.16.
Those who are distressed, those who seek wealth, the curious, and the wise
worship Him.
7.17.
Of these, the wise, devoted to Him alone, are dearest to Him.
7.18.
Though all are noble, only the wise person is like God.
7.19.
After many births, the wise realize that He is all, and surrender to Him.
Verses
20-26: Worship the demigods vs. the Supreme
7.20.
Those whose wisdom is taken by desires worship other gods, following their own
nature.
7.21.
He grants unwavering faith to those devoted to other gods.
7.22.
They worship Him and obtain their desires through such faith.
7.23.
These types of worship have temporary results; the worshippers of gods go to
them, while His devotees remain with Him.
7.24.
The ignorant think He was impersonal before and has now taken on form, not
knowing His higher nature.
7.25.
Veiled by His divine power, He is not manifest to all, and the deluded do not
recognize Him as unborn and eternal.
7.26.
Despite knowing every being in the past, present, and future, He is still
unknown to them all.
Verses
27-30: Transcendence and the Attainment of the Supreme
7.27.
All beings are born into delusion caused by desire and hatred.
7.28.
Those whose sins are destroyed, who act righteously, and are freed from
delusion, worship Him with firm vows.
7.29.
Those striving for liberation from old age and death take refuge in Him and
know Brahman and the Self.
7.30.
Those who know Him as the Supreme, both in the material and spiritual realms,
remember Him even at death.
Thus concludes the seventh chapter of
the Bhagavad Gita. It is known as the Upanishad on the Knowledge of the
Absolute, a yogic scripture presented in the form of a dialogue between Arjuna
and Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad
Gita, Chapter 8.
The
yoga
of
an Imperishable Brahman
Summary: This chapter clarifies the difference between
the personal soul and the universal Divine Spirit. It describes what happens
after death, explaining who is reborn into the cycle of life and who achieves
liberation in the eternal realm of Brahman. A
life of discipline, purity, meditation, and devotion leads to the realization
of one's ultimate truth. Verses 1-7.
Arjuna's Questions and Krishna's Answers
8.1. Arjuna asks
Krishna to explain Brahman, the Self, action, the material world, and the
divine.
8.2. He
inquires about the process of one's realization of God at death.
8.3. According
to Krishna, Brahman is the supreme Absolute, the Self is the individual soul,
and the action is the manifestation of the Absolute.
8.4. The physical
realm is
a perishable nature; the divine realm is the Supreme Person;
sacrifice is offered
to the divine presence in the body.
8.5. Those
who remember Him at death will attain Him without doubt.
8.6. Upon
death, one attains the state one imagines.
8.7. Keep
your mind and intellect fixed on Him while you do your duty.
Verse
8-16.
The Practice of Yoga and Attaining the Supreme
8.8. The yogi who
constantly meditates on Him attains Him easily.
8.9. Fix your mind on
the all-knowing, timeless, omnipresent Lord who is beyond comprehension.
8.10. The steadfast
yogi at death, focusing between the eyebrows, attains the Supreme.
8.11. Krishna
shows how meditation and detachment can lead to the path known to sages.
8.12. One
unites with the Supreme in meditation through control over the senses, mind,
and life force.
8.13. Uttering
with Om and leaving the body in devotion leads to the Supreme
Abode.
8.14. One who
remembers Him constantly, without distraction, attains Him easily.
8.15
Those who reach Him never return to sorrow's world.
8.16. All worlds,
including Brahma’s, are subject to rebirth, but reaching Him ends
with rebirth.
Verses 17-22.
The Cycle of Creation and Annihilation
8.17. In
Brahma, both a day and a night are a thousand years.
8.18. Beings
manifest at dawn and dissolve at dusk during Brahma's day.
8.19. This cycle of
creation and dissolution repeats endlessly.
8.20. Beyond this
perishable world is the imperishable, which never ceases to be.
8.21. Dedicated
people achieve the imperishable as their highest goal.
8.22. The Supreme
Person, dwelling beyond, is reached by exclusive devotion.
Verses 23-28.
The Path of Light and the Path of Darkness
8.23. In the
scriptures, Krishna explains that there are two paths after death, one bright
and one dark.
8.24. Those who follow the bright path attain liberation and do not return.
8.25. Those who
depart on
the dark path return to the cycle of birth and death.
8.26. These two paths
are timeless. The yogi is never confused by them
8.27. Be
steadfast in your yoga practice and rise above the fruits of merit.
8.28. The
yogi achieves the highest goal beyond study, sacrifice, austerity, and charity.
Here concludes the eighth chapter, "The Yoga of the
Imperishable Brahman," in the sacred Bhagavad Gita. This text is revered
as an Upanishad (knowledge of the Absolute), a yogic Scripture,
and the timeless dialogue between Prince Arjuna and Bhagavan Krishna.
Bhagavad
Gita, Chapter 9. The Yoga of Sovereign Knowledge and Mystery
Summary: This chapter
explores the secrets of Brahman, the all-pervading Supreme Self, the ultimate
object of all sacrifices, meditative practices, and devotional worship, who is
the creator and upholder of all, and whose
greatness is discerned only by the wise. A
person who knows the scriptures does not attain liberation; one who worships
God does. Verses 1-6: The King
of Knowledge
9.1. Krishna reveals
the supreme, secret, and pure knowledge that grants liberation and joy.
9.2. This wisdom is the
king of science,
easily practiced, and imperishable.
9.3. The
cycle of birth and death returns to those without faith in this teaching.
9.4. All beings exist
in Krishna, who pervades the entire universe.
9.5. Yet, not all
beings dwell in Him due to His divine mystery.
9.6. Just as the wind
moves within space, all beings rest in Krishna.
Verses 7-10:
Creation, Dissolution, and Krishna's Neutrality
9.7. Every
cosmic cycle ends with all beings merging into Krishna, and each cycle ends
with them emanating from Krishna.
9.8. By His will,
creation manifests repeatedly without binding Him.
9.9. He
is detached from creation and destruction, remaining unaffected by them.
9.10. All
beings are created under His supervision by material nature.
Verses 11-15: Misunderstanding
the Supreme Lord
9.11. The ignorant
disregard Him when He appears in human form.
9.12. Such deluded
souls take refuge in demonic and materialistic natures.
9.13. He
is worshipped without wavering by great souls.
9.14. Faithful
to Him, they strive steadfastly to reach the goal they have set.
9.15. Some
worship Him in His many forms through their knowledge of Him.
Verses 16-25: Krishna
is
everything.
9.16. Krishna is the
ritual, the sacrifice, the offer,
the herb, and the sacred chant.
9.17. He is the father,
mother, sustainer, and
in the Vedic scriptures.
9.18. Ultimately, he is
the goal, refuge, friend, witness, abode, and dissolution of all these things.
9.19. He gives heat,
sends rain, and withholds it, and is immortal
and
beyond death.
9.20. Vedic
ritualists go to heaven, but they return after they have exhausted their merit.
9.21. As
if bound by desire and rebirth, they keep returning to earthly existence.
9.22. Those
who worship Krishna exclusively are personally cared for by Him.
9.23. His
worship is even unknowingly practiced by those who worship other gods.
9.24. Those
who worship Him miss His true nature. He enjoys and is Lord of all sacrifices.
9.25. A
worshipper of a god goes to a god; a devotee of Krishna goes to Krishna.
Verses 26-34:
The Path of Pure Devotion
9.26. Whatever is
offered to Him with love—a leaf, flower, fruit, or water—He accepts.
9.27. Whatever one
does, eats, offers, or gives, do it as an offering to Him.
9.28. Acting thus, one
becomes free from bondage and attains liberation.
9.29. Krishna is equal
to all but specially
cherishes His devoted worshippers.
9.30. It
is right to regard even a sinner who worships God with devotion as righteous.
9.31. Such a devotee
quickly becomes virtuous and attains lasting peace.
9.32. Anyone—women,
merchants, laborers—who takes refuge in Him reaches the supreme goal.
9.33. How much more so
for righteous Brahmins and devoted kings; therefore,
they strive for Him.
9.34. Fix your mind on
Him, be devoted, worship
Him, bow to Him, and you will reach Him.
Consequently, the ninth chapter of the divine Bhagavad
Gita culminates in the "Yoga of Supreme Knowledge and the Supreme
Secret," encompassing the knowledge of the Absolute, the principles of
yogic scripture, and the essential dialogue between Arjuna and Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad
Gita, Chapter 10. The yoga
of Manifestation
Summary: This chapter examines the glory and self-expression of
the Divine, arguing that God is both concealed and revealed within the most
exalted facets of existence, as the fountainhead of all wisdom, virtue, and
beauty. Through a series of exemplars, it demonstrates how the singular,
all-pervading reality of Brahman can be discerned within the plurality of the
world. Verses 1-7: The
Lord's Supreme Nature
10.1. Krishna
speaks once again, revealing His supreme words to Arjuna.
10.2. Neither gods
nor sages know His origin, for He is the source of all.
10.3. One who knows
Him as
the unborn and the Lord of
all worlds is freed from delusion and sin.
10.4. From Him arise
intellect, wisdom, clarity, patience, truthfulness, and self-control.
10.5. Fearlessness,
purity, charity, compassion, and restraint of the senses are also derived from
Him.
10.6. Four
ancient Manus and the seven great sages were born of Him.
10.7. Knowing His glory
leads to unwavering devotion and certainty.
Verses 8-11: The Path
of Devotion
10.8. He is the
source of all; the wise, knowing this, worship Him with love.
10.9. The wise
delight in speaking and hearing
Him constantly.
10.10. Those
who are truly devoted receive the understanding to reach Him.
10.11. Through
knowledge, He dispels their ignorance out of compassion.
Verses 12-18:
Arjuna's Request for More Knowledge
10.12. Arjuna
declares Krishna Brahman, the highest abode, and the eternal truth.
10.13. Sages and
divine beings affirm Krishna’s supreme nature.
10.14. Arjuna accepts
all Krishna says as truth; no one knows Him fully.
10.15. Only Krishna
knows Himself by His own power.
10.16. Arjuna
requests to hear of Krishna’s divine glory,
which pervades all.
10.17. He asks how to
meditate upon Krishna in thought.
10.18. Arjuna urges
Krishna to speak endlessly of His divine powers.
Verses 19-42: The
Lord's Expansions
10.19. Krishna begins
by describing His prominent manifestation.
10.20. He is the Self
in all beings,
at the beginning, middle, and end.
10.21. Among the
Adityas, He is Vishnu; among lights, the radiant sun; among Maruts, He is
Marici; among stars, the moon.
10.22. Among
the Vedas, He is the Sama Veda; among
the gods, Indra; among
the senses, the mind; among beings, consciousness.
10.23. Among
the Rudras, He is Shiva; among
the Yakshas and Rakshasas, Kubera; among
the Vasus, He is Agni; among
the mountains, Meru.
10.24. Among priests,
He is Brihaspati; among generals, Skanda; among bodies of water, the ocean.
10.25. Among all sages,
He is Bhrigu; among words, the sacred "OM";
among sacrifices, He is japa (chanting); among immovables, the Himalayas.
10.26. Among
the trees, He is Ashvattha;
among the Sages,
Nararada;
among
the Gandharvas, Chitraratha; among
the perfected beings, Kapila.
10.27. Among horses,
He is Ucchaisravas; among elephants, Airavata; among men, the king.
10.28. Among weapons,
He is the thunderbolt; among cows, Kamadhenu; among serpents, Vasuki; among
Nagas, Ananta.
10.29. All
water creatures refer to him as Varuna; his ancestors refer to him as Aryaman;
and he is known as Yama among those who uphold the law.
10.30. Among Daityas,
He is Prahlada; among measurers, time; among animals, the Lion;
among birds, Garuda.
10.31. Among
purifiers, He is the wind; among warriors, Rama; among fish, the shark; among
rivers, the Ganges.
10.32. He is the
beginning, middle, and end of creation; among sciences, the science of the
Self; among disputants, sound reasoning.
10.33. Among letters,
He is the sacred syllable "A." Among compounds, He is
dual. He is
the endless time
and
all-sustaining Brahman.
10.34. He is death
that takes all, and the source of all future beings; among feminine qualities,
He is fame, fortune, speech, memory, intelligence, steadfastness, and patience.
10.35. Among
the hymns, He is the Brihat-sama; among
the meters, the Gayatri; among the months, Margashirsha; among the
seasons, spring.
10.36. He is the
cunning gambler's sleight of hand, the essence of magnificence. He is victory
itself, the power of resolve, and the
source of a
strong man's strength.
10.37. Among
Vrishnis, He is Vasudeva; among Pandavas, Arjuna; among sages, Vyasa; among
poets, Ushana.
10.38. He is the
power of rulers, the policy of conquerors, the silence of secrets, and the
knowledge of the wise.
10.39. He is the seed
of all beings, without which nothing exists.
10.40. His divine
manifestations have no limit; this description is only a brief glimpse.
10.41. Whatever is
glorious, prosperous, or powerful is born of
a fraction of His splendour.
10.42 Even a part of
Him is enough to fill and uphold all of creation.
This concludes the tenth chapter, "The Yoga of
Divine Manifestations," in the sacred dialogue of the Bhagavad Gita.
Herein, Lord Krishna reveals the all-pervading nature of the Absolute to Arjuna
through yoga and divine knowledge.
Bhagavad
Gita, Chapter 11. The Yoga of Universal Cosmic Vision
Summary: The chapter presents
the vision of Brahman’s universal form in His aspect as Time (Kāla), the
all-consuming principle identified as the Destroyer and the God of Death. At Arjuna’s
request, Krishna manifests this divine form before him. This revelation reveals
that God has already predetermined the future course of events, requiring
humans only to participate in this cosmic order and act as instruments in
bringing about His will.
Verses
1-8: Arjuna's Request & Krishna's Revelation
11.1.
Arjuna expresses gratitude for Krishna’s revelation of profound spiritual
truths.
11.2.
He rejoices at hearing about Krishna’s divine glory and supreme greatness.
11.3.
Arjuna now expresses his desire to see Krishna in His cosmic form.
11.4.
If Krishna deems it possible, Arjuna requests Him to reveal this universal
vision.
11.5.
Krishna agrees to show Arjuna His vast cosmic form.
11.6.
The sage instructs Arjuna to witness all the divine forms united in one.
11.7.
Arjuna will see the entire universe in Krishna’s form.
11.8.
Krishna grants Arjuna divine eyes to witness this vision.
Verse
9-14: The Vision of the Cosmic Form
11.9.
Sanjaya describes Krishna revealing His supreme and universal form.
11.10.
The form had countless faces, eyes, and ornaments, radiating immense splendor.
11.11.
It shone like a thousand suns rising at once.
11.2.
Within Krishna's body, Arjuna saw the entire universe.
11.13.
Amazed, Arjuna’s hair stood on end.
11.14.
Bowing in reverence, Arjuna spoke to Krishna.
Verses
15-31: Arjuna's Awe and Terror
11.15.
He saw gods, sages, and all beings in Krishna’s cosmic form.
11.16.
He beholds countless arms, bellies, mouths, and eyes without end.
11.17.
He is overwhelmed by Krishna’s boundless radiance.
11.8.
Arjuna praises Krishna as the supreme, eternal being.
11.19.
He recognizes Krishna as the source of all creation.
11.20.
All the worlds were trembling before Krishna’s awe-inspiring form.
11.21.
Among the gods and sages, He is praised and bowed to.
11.22.
Multitudes of divine beings gaze on in wonder.
11.23.
Arjuna trembled, unable to comprehend Krishna’s fierceness.
11.24.
He sees Krishna touching the heavens and blazing in all directions.
11.25.
Arjuna is terrified of Krishna’s fanged mouth.
11.26.
He saw all the warriors from both armies rushing into Krishna’s mouth.
11.27.
Some are crushed between Krishna’s terrible teeth.
11.28.
Arjuna likens them to rivers flowing into the ocean.
11.29.
He compares them to moths rushing into a blazing fire.
11.30.
Krishna devours all beings, licking the world with blazing mouths.
11.31.
Arjuna asks who Krishna is in this fierce form.
Verses
32-34: The Revelation of Time and the Call to Action
11.32.
It is Krishna who declares Himself to be Time, the destroyer of worlds.
11.33.
Krishna has already slain the enemies through the will of Arjuna.
11.34.
Krishna assures Arjuna of victory and urges him to act as His instrument.
Verse
35-46: Arjuna's Prayers of Praise and Fear
11.35.
Sanjaya describes Arjuna’s trembling response.
11.36.
Arjuna glorifies Krishna, recognizing His supreme power.
11.37.
The Creator declares that all beings must bow down to Him.
11.38.
He identifies Krishna as the primal God and refuge of the universe.
11.39.
Arjuna offers obeisance from all directions.
11.40.
He praises Krishna’s infinite power and pervasiveness.
11.41.
If he showed any disrespect in familiarity, he apologized.
11.42.
If he has transgressed in the past, he seeks forgiveness.
11.43.
In terms of glory and power, Krishna is unmatched.
44.
Arjuna bows repeatedly, seeking Krishna’s grace.
11.45.
In his overwhelmed state, Arjuna wishes to see Krishna's gentler, familiar
face.
11.46.
He asks Krishna to return to his peaceful form with his crown, mace, and disc.
Verse
47-50: The Return to the Original Form and the Rarity of This Vision
11.47.
Krishna explains that no one had seen this cosmic form.
11.48.
It cannot be seen through Vedic study, ritual, charity, or penance.
11.49.
Krishna tells Arjuna not to fear and to see Him in His gentle form again.
11.50.
Sanjaya narrates that Krishna, having shown his terrible form, revealed his
gentle four-armed form and then his peaceful two-armed form.
Verses
51-55: The Path to Pure Devotion
11.51.
Arjuna regains composure and reveres Krishna.
11.52.
Krishna declares that His divine form is exceedingly rare, even for the gods to
witness.
11.53.
It cannot be seen through study, austerity, charity, or sacrifice alone.
11.54.
Only through pure, unwavering devotion can He truly be perceived and
understood.
11.55.
One who works for Krishna, is devoted, free from attachment, and kind to all,
reaches Him.
Thus
ends the eleventh chapter, the Yoga of Supreme Cosmic Vision in the Upanishad
of the divine Bhagavad-Gita, the knowledge of the Absolute, the yogic
scripture, and the debate between Arjuna and Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad
Gita, Chapter 12. The yoga
of
devotion.
Summary: This chapter
reaffirms the ultimate path to
commitment. It teaches
you that people who worship the Divine with firm trust, fully
concentrating their minds and dwelling in constant remembrance, are emancipated
from the impermanent world and the cycle of reincarnation. The authentic yogi,
who acts with virtue, regards all beings with equanimity and provides devotion,
is most revered. Verses 1–7:
The Superiority of Personal Devotion
12.1. Arjuna asks
whether worshipping the formless Absolute or the personal God is superior.
12.2. Krishna replied
that those who fix their minds on Him with steadfast devotion are
yogis.
12.3. Those who
worship the formless, attribute less Absolute also attain liberation, though
with difficulty.
12.4. These
seekers should remain even-minded, control their senses, and work for
everyone's benefit.
12.5. Worship of the
unmanifest is hard
because the path to
abstraction is difficult for embodied beings.
12.6. But those who
surrender to Krishna with devotion and faith are swiftly lifted from the ocean
of mortality.
12.7. Krishna
personally protects and delivers His devoted, single-minded worshippers.
Verse
8–12:
The Hierarchy of Spiritual Practice
12.8. Fix your mind
and intellect on Krishna alone, and you shall always abide in Him.
12.9. The
practice of constant remembrance may help fix the mind if it cannot be fixed
fully.
12.10. Dedicate
your work to Krishna as a service if the practice is difficult.
12.11. Refrain
from selfishness if that's too hard.
12.12. Practice
is superior to knowledge, meditation is higher than knowledge, and the
renunciation of results is still a higher choice.
Verses 13–20:
The Qualities of a Devotee
12.13. Krishna
describes His devotees
as: free from malice, friendly, compassionate, and without ego or
attachment.
12.14. Patient,
content, disciplined, devoted, and resolute in mind, such a devotee is dear to
Krishna.
12.15. The
One who doesn't disturb others, or the World, is dear to Him.
12.16. He who is free
from joy, envy, fear, and anxiety
is also dear to Krishna.
12.17. The devotee
who depends on nothing, is pure, impartial, skilled,
and free from worry, is dear to Him.
12.18. One who is alike
friend and foe, honor and dishonor, heat and cold, happiness and
sorrow, is dear to Krishna.
12.19. Content with
discipline, steady in mind, and devoted to Krishna, such a devotee
is dear to Him.
12.20. Krishna
is most pleased with those who faithfully follow this path of devotion.
Thus concludes the twelfth chapter, entitled “The Yoga of
Devotion,” in the Bhagavad Gita Upanishad,
a scripture of divine knowledge, a treatise on yoga, and a
sacred dialogue between Arjuna and Lord Krishna.
Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 13:
The Yoga of the Field and the Knower of the Field.
Summary: This chapter explores the distinction between the
body and the Self, or the field (kshetra). Kshetrajna, also known as Nature
(Prakriti) and Person (Purusha), is the Lord of the field (kshetrajna).
Creation happens when Purusha is established in Prakriti. The whole diversity
manifests itself from the union, and Purusha is their support.
Verses
1–7: The Field and the Knower of the Field
13.1.
Arjuna asks Krishna to explain the difference between the body (field) and the
soul (knowledge of the field).
13.2.
Krishna begins: The body is called the field, and the one who knows it is the
knower of the field.
13.3.
Krishna Himself is the ultimate knower of all fields to everybody.
13.4.
Knowledge comes from understanding the relationship between the field, the
knower, and their relationship.
13.5. The
Sages and Scriptures describe this knowledge in detail.
13.6. The
field includes five elements: ego, intellect, the unmanifest, and the senses.
13.7. It
also includes the mind, sense-objects, desire, aversion, pleasure, pain, the
body, and consciousness.
Verses
8-12: The Knowledge Process
13.8.
True knowledge consists of humility, non-violence, forgiveness, uprightness,
and service to the teacher.
13.9. It
includes purity, steadiness, self-control, detachment, the absence of ego, and
awareness of birth and death.
13.10.
Renunciation of worldly entanglements and constant even-mindedness are also
part of your knowledge.
13.11.
Devotion to God, love of solitude, and detachment from crowds are true
knowledge.
13.12.
Constant self-reflection and realization of the Supreme as the highest goal is
knowledge; the rest is ignorance.
Verses
13–18: The Supreme Brahman
13.13.
Krishna now explains the Supreme: the beginningless Brahman beyond existence
and non-existence.
13.14.
This Supreme pervades everywhere, sustaining all beings, yet unattached.
13.15. It
is beyond the senses, yet known through them; near and far, inside and outside
all.
13.16.
Moving and not moving, within and beyond, ambiguous.
13.17.
Even though it is indivisible, the energy that sustains, devours, and generates
seems divided among all beings.
13.18. It
is the light of light beyond darkness, knowledge, the object of knowledge, and
the goal of knowledge.
Verses
19–23: The Nature of Purusha and Prakriti
13.19.
Thus, both the field and the knower have been described; knowing this leads to
liberation.
13.20.
Matter (Prakriti) and spirit (Purusha) are both beginningless; their union
causes creation.
13.21.
Purusha experiences pleasure and pain, while Prakriti gives rise to the body
and senses.
13.22. A
soul's attachment to the modes of nature binds it to higher or lower births.
13.23.
The Supreme Soul is the witness, supporter, sustainer, enjoyer, and controller
within all.
Verses
24–25: The Path to Liberation
13.24.
One who understands both the field and the knower transcends birth and attains
liberation.
13.25.
Through meditation, knowledge, and selfless action, some individuals realize
their true Self.
A debate between Lord Krishna and
Arjuna concludes the thirteenth chapter of the Upanishad of the divine
Bhagavad-Gita, titled 'The Yoga of the Field and the Knower of the Field'.
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